Inflammatory and Antioxidant Pattern Unbalance in “Clopidogrel-Resistant” Patients during Acute Coronary Syndrome
Table 2
Inflammatory pattern at 24 hours from daily administration of dual antiplatelet treatment in clopidogrel responders and nonresponders.
All cases ( = 29)
Responders ( = 21)
Nonresponders ( = 8)
Th1/Th2 milieu
IL-4, pg/mL
0.66 (0.27–1.28)
0.57 (0–0.76)
1.28 (0.84–4.67)
0.003
IL-12, pg/mL
69.1 (44.1–106.2)
59.5 (36.5–101.6)
91.4 (63.0–119.7)
0.106
IFN, pg/mL
63.2 (49.4–99.1)
55.2 (43.9–88.5)
93.1 (60.2–127.3)
0.066
Proinflammatory cytokines
IL-6, pg/mL
5.7 (3.2–19.9)
5.1 (3.2–20.0)
9.7 (3.5–1406.4)
0.381
TNF-, pg/mL
2.9 (0.7–10.9)
2.4 (0–5.5)
9.4 (0.8–23.2)
0.283
Anti-inflammatory cytokines
IL-1ra, pg/mL
750 (595–1222)
713 (563–1093)
1005 (675–2686)
0.218
IL-10, pg/mL
25.4 (13.1–34.5)
20.3 (11.2–28.7)
32.2 (25.7–38.3)
0.079
Chemokines
I-TAC, pg/mL
165 (69–206)
177 (162–228)
74 (0–170)
0.080
IP10, pg/mL
965 (726–2200)
949 (726–2223)
1532 (698–2118)
0.897
MCP-1, pg/mL
17.3 (14.9–31.8)
17.3 (14.8–31.8)
21.1 (15.0–31.3)
0.775
MIP-1, pg/mL
94.5 (66.7–115.1)
78.1 (58.2–108.4)
115.3 (96.3–131.3)
0.016
Data are expressed as median and interquartile range (25th–75th). IL: interleukin; IFN: interferon; IP10: interferon-gamma-induced protein 10; I-TAC: interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant; MCP-1: monocyte chemotactic protein-1; MIP-1: macrophage inflammatory protein-1β; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; Th1/Th2: T helper type-1 or type-2 cells.
