Clinical Study

Vaginal Lactoferrin Modulates PGE2, MMP-9, MMP-2, and TIMP-1 Amniotic Fluid Concentrations

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the controls, not treated with lactoferrin, and patients treated with lactoferrin 4 hours before amniocentesis (LF treated).

CharacteristicsControls ()LF treated () value

Maternal age (years)36.5 (35.0–38.0)37.0 (36.0–40.0)0.061
Gestational age at amniocentesis (weeks)16.99 (16.44–17.60)16.91 (16.02–17.66)0.576
Ethnicity (% ())0.063
 White/Caucasian93 (53)81 (44)
 Other7 (4)19 (10)
Pregestation BMI21 (20–26)21 (20–25)0.687
Postgestation BMI24 (20–27)24 (20–26)0.473
Primiparous (% ())65% (37)55% (30)0.367
Gestational age at delivery (weeks)40.2 (39.3–40.7)39.7 (38.5–40.7)0.097
Creatinine (mg/dL)0.83 (0.52–1.03)1.17 (0.81–1.95)

Data are expressed as median (interquartile range). BMI: Body Mass Index; value of chi-square for ethnicity: ; value of chi-square for primiparous: .