Inhibiting HMGB1 with Glycyrrhizic Acid Protects Brain Injury after DAI via Its Anti-Inflammatory Effect

Figure 5

Expression of HMGB1, TNF-α, MMP-9, and IL-1β induced by GL pretreatment, at 24 h after DAI. In the DAI and DAI + NS groups, the HMGB1 level clearly decreased compared with the control group. Pretreatment with GL significantly inhibited the decrease of HMGB1 after DAI. Furthermore, pretreatment with GL significantly decreased the expression of TNF-α, MMP-9, and IL-1β compared with DAI + NS group. compared with control group; compared with DAI group.