Inhibition of TLR4 Signalling-Induced Inflammation Attenuates Secondary Injury after Diffuse Axonal Injury in Rats

Figure 9

TAK-242 significantly downregulated the expression of signalling molecules downstream of TLR4 and reduced inflammatory factor levels. (a) The expression of several signalling molecules, including TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, IRF3, and IFN-β, in the control, DAI 1 d, DAI 1 d+vehicle, and DAI 1 d+TAK-242 groups, was measured via western blotting. (b) The bar graphs show the results for TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, IRF3, and IFN-β expression, as determined via western blotting. (c) Western blotting analysis was performed to examine the expression of NF-κB and phospho-NF-κB in nuclear extract from the control, DAI 1 d, DAI 1 d+vehicle, and DAI 1 d+TAK-242 groups. (d) The bar graphs show the results for NF-κB and phospho-NF-κB expression in the nuclear extract. The expression of lamin B was used as an internal control. (e) The levels of inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were measured via ELISA in rat cortices in the control, DAI 1 d, DAI 1 d+vehicle, and DAI 1 d+TAK-242 groups. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (; , compared with control group; , , compared with DAI 1 d+vehicle group).

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