Mediators of Inflammation

Research Article

Serum Cytokines Th1, Th2, and Th17 Expression Profiling in Active Lupus Nephritis-IV: From a Southern Chinese Han Population

Table 2

Comparisons of serum Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell expressed cytokines in different classes of lupus nephritis and healthy control.


Cytokines	Group of patients			Healthy control	value
Cytokines	LN-III ()	LN-IV ()	LN-V ()	HC ()	value

Th1
IFN-γ (pg/mL)	2.58 (1.08–3.83)	3.60 (1.68–9.09)	1.30 (0.0–2.69)	1.04 (0.0–1.79)	<0.0001
IL-18 (pg/mL)	29.36 (19.26–51.95)	59.58 (39.87–145.77)	31.06 (19.08–38.15)	12.08 (4.89–17.63)	<0.0001
IL-12p70 (pg/mL)	0.65 (0.55–1.10)	0.66 (0.49–0.86)	0.44 (0.41–0.61)	0.42 (0.38–50)	<0.0006
TNF-α (pg/mL)	0.75 (0.0–1.68)	1.06 (0.0–1.68)	0.0 (0.0–1.68)	1.11 (1.31–1.87)	0.231
IL-2 (pg/mL)	2.70 (1.70–3.22)	2.70 (1.56–2.96)	2.15 (0.0–2.82)	2.42 (0.0–3.22)	0.618
Th2
IL-4 (pg/mL)	2.31 (0.0–2.86)	2.82 (1.22–3.48)	2.90 (0.0–3.36)	2.66 (1.22–3.05)	0.717
IL-5 (pg/mL)	0.63 (0.0–1.54)	0.0 (0.0–1.42)	0.0 (0.0–1.54)	1.5 (0.0–1.74)	0.203
IL-10 (pg/mL)	9.66 (4.34–14.86)	8.69 (4.12–14.01)	7.13 (4.72–8.62)	4.82 (3.26–8.54)	0.168
IL-13 (pg/mL)	0.57 (0.0–1.37)	0.725 (0.02–1.79)	0.8 (0.0–1.005)	0.69 (0.0–1.07)	0.633
Th17
IL-6 (pg/mL)	0.0 (0.0–2.75)	5.1 (0.0–19.96)	5.6 (2.28–38.98)	1.50 (0.0–1.74)	0.003
IL-17A (pg/mL)	12.57 (10.01–15.86)	14.09 (11.65–17.69)	10.80 (8.15–11.17)	11.80 (9.15–13.68)	0.002

Comparison of serum Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells expressed cytokines among different groups. The values are expressed in median with range. Kruskal-Wallis test was applied for groups; value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.