Serum Cytokines in Young Pediatric Patients with Congenital Cardiac Shunts and Altered Pulmonary Hemodynamics

Table 2

Correlations of inflammatory mediators with clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic parameters.

	Group I ()	Group II ()	value	Age ()	()	PVR/SVR ()
C5/C5a	2058 (1751–2419)	2504 (1953–3209)	0.169
sCD40L	2541 (2008–3216)	2046 (1403–2983)	0.252
GRO	2005 (1592–2525)	1568 (1148–2141)	0.087
IL-16	748 (650–861)	782 (556–1100)	0.807
IL-1ra	1361 (1119–1655)	1366 (1014–1841)	0.949
IL-17E	150 (118–190)	158 (109–230)	0.728
IP-10	754 (575–988)	618 (390–977)	0.512
MIF	6706 (5889–7636)	8737 (7009–10891)	0.017^†
RANTES	71073 (63545–79492)	50228 (36485–69148)	0.022^†
Serpin E1	46149 (42119–50563)	43007 (35453–52172)	0.555^†			r = −0.64; p = 0.019
sICAM-1	47666 (41657–54541)	42635 (35434–51298)	0.238^†

Protein levels are expressed as pixel density (geometric mean with 95% CI).
Reference values from 13 healthy pediatric subjects aged 10–38 months (data our laboratory): C5/C5a: 1726 (1434–3554); sCD40L: 2715 (2074–3554); GRO: 1893 (1452–2467); IL-16: 630 (450–882); IL-1ra: 1513 (1089–2103); IL-17E: 228 (166–315); IP-10: 621 (412–936); MIF: 5547 (4487–6857); RANTES: 59692 (51567–69096); Serpin E1: 39810 (34442–46014); sICAM-1: 44185 (37272–52379).
“” and “,” respectively, Pearson’s coefficient of correlation and Spearman’s coefficient of correlation.
Mann–Whitney test.
^†Student’s -test.
PVR/SVR: pulmonary-to-systemic vascular resistance ratio; : velocity-time integral of blood flow in pulmonary veins.
C5/C5a: Complement component 5/5a; sCD40L: soluble CD40 ligand; GRO: growth-regulated oncogene alpha; IL-16: interleukin 16; IL-1ra: interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; IL-17E: interleukin 17E; IP-10: interferon gamma-induced protein-10; MIF: macrophage migration inhibitory factor; RANTES: regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; sICAM-1: soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1.