RETRACTED: ET-1 Promotes Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells into Osteoblasts through ETR, MAPK, and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways under Inflammatory Microenvironment

Figure 3

ET-1 increased secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in dose- and time-dependent manner. TNF-α (a), IL-1β (b), and IL-6 (c) expression were measured by ELISA. The effects of ET-1 on protein expression of TNF-α ((d), (e)), IL-1β ((d), (f)), and IL-6 ((d), (g)) in PDLSCs were measured by Western Blotting. In agreement with the ELISA results, ET-1 induced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The stimulatory effects on protein expression reached a peak at 72 hours after stimulation. Each bar represents the mean ± standard deviation (). ; ; .

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