Systemic Immune Activation Profiles of HIV-1 Subtype C-Infected Children and Their Mothers

Table 2

Comparison of the concentrations of circulating biomarkers of immune activation of mothers, their children, and their respective controls.

	Mothers baseline; Median (range)	Adult controls; Median (range)	value	Children baseline; Median (range)	Paediatric controls; Median (range)	value
sCD14; (ng/mL)	8,068; (0.00–19,431)	5,971; (853–8,220)	<0.0011	9,741; (481–20,448)	3,826; (0.0–21615)	<0.0001
β2M; (μg/mL)	2.84; (0.847–6.86)	1.360; (1.02–3.77)	<0.0001	4; (1.8–7.4)	2.135; (0.23–4)	<0.0001
hsCRP; (μg/mL)	1.8; (0.173–10.3)	0.8; (0.173–7.5)	0.0242	5; (0.2–144)	<0.173; (<0.173–8)	<0.0001
MIG; (pg/mL)	2143; (595–19,734)	190.4; (84.9–2,932)	<0.0001	3,808; (1,058–13,818)	3,103; (158–16,563)	0.0779
IP10; (pg/mL)	6,866; (2,267–64,710)	1,075; (690–12,005)	<0.0001	7,171; (1,054–636,325)	21; (1.6–1,662)	<0.0001
TGF-β1; (pg/mL)	22,480; (52.8–33,685.5)	10,960.7; (3,157.6–31,806.7)	0.0093	12,627; (67–30,336)	11,374; (499–19,580)	<0.0001

sCD14 (soluble CD14), β2M (β2-microglobulin), hsCRP (high sensitivity CRP), MIG (monokine induced IFNγ), IP10 (IFNγ-inducible protein 10), and TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor beta 1).