Urinary Levels of IL-1β and GDNF in Preterm Neonates as Potential Biomarkers of Motor Development: A Prospective Study

Figure 1

Plasma levels of TNF (a), IL-6 (b), IL-10 (c), and BDNF (d), in preterm infants () at four different time points (T0: umbilical cord blood, T1: 48 hours, T2: 72 hours, and T3: 3 weeks after birth). CBA was used in ex vivo analysis for cytokines and ELISA for BDNF. Mann–Whitney test was used for comparisons between medians of patients with normal motor development versus patients of lower than expected motor development.

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