Involvement of M1 Macrophage Polarization in Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors Activated Psoriatic Inflammation

Figure 7

High expression of proinflammatory cytokines and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in M1 macrophages and induction of TLR 7–9 expression by their agonists in macrophages. THP-1 macrophages were treated with 20 ng/mL interferon- (IFN-) γ and interleukin- (IL-) 4 to polarize them into M1 and M2 macrophages. (a) Expression of genes for proinflammatory cytokines and (b) expression of TLRs in these cells were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). (c, d) To assess the capability of inducing the expression of TLRs 7–9 by their agonists, THP-1 macrophages were treated with 2 μM (c) R848 or (d) CpG-2006 for 24 h and expression of different TLRs was analyzed using RT-qPCR. (e, f) The IFN-γ- and IL-4-polarized M1 and M2 macrophages were treated with 2 μM (e) R848 or (f) CpG-2006 for 24 h, and production of cytokines as indicated in medium was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data represent mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments; and compared with the controls (c–f) or between M1 and M2 macrophages (a, b).

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