Plasma Asprosin Levels Are Associated with Glucose Metabolism, Lipid, and Sex Hormone Profiles in Females with Metabolic-Related Diseases

Table 1

Clinical, metabolic, and sex hormone features of healthy, T2DM, and PCOS female subjects.

	Healthy	T2DM	PCOS
Age (years)	37.02 ± 8.16	47.02 ± 4.92 ^b	22.68 ± 5.66 ^b,d	156.63	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.68 ± 4.00	24.98 ± 3.31 ^b	26.68 ± 5.66^b,c	16.38	<0.001
WHR	0.73 ± 0.04	0.89 ± 0.10 ^b	0.90 ± 0.09^b	90.51	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	116.05 ± 9.57	125.06 ± 11.13 ^b	118.10 ± 10.90^d	11.45	<0.001
DBP (mmHg)	73.09 ± 7.82	77.00 ± 8.78 ^a	76.13 ± 8.41	3.62	0.029
FBG (mmol/L)	4.75 ± 0.55	7.55 ± 2.97 ^b	4.74 ± 2.22^d	32.33	<0.001
FINS (mU/mL)	7.85 ± 5.94	10.42 ± 6.29 ^a	14.62 ± 5.94 ^b,d	15.77	<0.001
HbA1c (%)	5.51 ± 0.31	8.77 ± 2.44 ^b	6.08 ± 1.69 ^d	41.67	<0.001
HOMA-IR	1.68 ± 1.37	3.53 ± 2.53^b	3.03 ± 1.55 ^b	15.47	<0.001
HOMA-β	112.12 (78.49–157.88)	49.17 (28.954–105.07)	320.20 (162.31–457.08) ^b,d	7.90	0.001
TC (mmol/L)	4.18 ± 0.76	4.74 ± 0.94^b	4.47 ± 1.05	5.70	0.004
TG (mmol/L)	0.94 (0.73–1.25)	1.66 (1.26–2.31)^b	1.22 (0.73–2.16)^a	10.75	<0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.58 ± 0.64	3.18 ± 0.78^b	2.86 ± 0.79^c	9.91	<0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.43 ± 0.33	1.17 ± 0.27^b	1.21 ± 0.39^b	10.39	<0.001
AST (IU/L)	22.83 ± 16.16	21.99 ± 13.95	22.98 ± 11.60	0.06	0.939
ALT (IU/L)	18.64 ± 18.74	25.46 ± 18.05	23.94 ± 17.28	2.18	0.117
γ-GGT (IU/L)	14.60 (11.85–20.75)	21.70 (15.55–38.68)^a	25.55 (13.08–48.58)	2.85	0.061
UA (mmol/L)	255.00 (233.80–286.65)	273.90 (229.55–328.10)	360.00 (323.55–459.25)^b,d	22.52	<0.001
Cre (mmol/L)	53.30 (50.05–59.05)	51.05 (46.53–59.75)	59.90 (55.25–63.63)	0.58	0.561
BUN (mmol/L)	6.51 ± 10.69	4.97 ± 1.82	4.64 ± 1.30	1.03	0.36
WBC (10^9/L)	5.76 ± 1.60	6.10 ± 1.70	6.80 ± 1.58^b,c	7.15	<0.001
CRP (mg/L)	N	5.41 ± 1.44	3.93 ± 2.33^c	2.89	0.005
Testosterone (nmol/L)	1.43 ± 1.38	N	2.04 ± 1.56^b	−5.42	<0.001
FSH (mIU/L)	4.72 ± 4.79	N	4.06 ± 1.49	1.34	0.184
LH (mIU/L)	8.99 ± 8.08	N	8.92 ± 5.15	0.09	0.932
LH/FSH	1.63 (0.87–2.16)	N	2.02 (1.37–2.65)^a	−2.10	0.036
E2 (pg/mL)	110.55 ± 123.39	N	67.50 ± 51.19^b	3.29	0.002
P (ng/mL)	4.10 ± 7.50	N	1.52 ± 3.16^b	3.25	0.003
PRL (ng/mL)	17.98 ± 10.95	N	18.17 ± 11.90	−0.16	0.872

Notes: Data are expressed as or median and interquartile range (25–75%). values are from ANOVA, unpaired test or Mann-Whitney test. means not available. –66 healthy subjects, 47–53 T2DM subjects, 31–41 PCOS subjects. ^a and ^b compared with the healthy group. ^c and ^d compared with the T2DM group. BMI: body mass index; WHR: waist-to-hip ratio; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; WBC: white blood cell count; CRP: C-reactive protein; FBG: fasting blood glucose; FINS: fasting insulin; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; HOMA-IR: HOMA-β, homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and insulin secretion; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST: aspartate transaminase; ALT: alanine transaminase; γ-GGT: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; UA: uric acid; Cre: creatinine; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone; E2: estradiol; P: progesterone; PRL: prolactin.