Research Article
Activation of Macrophages by Oligomeric Proteins of Different Size and Origin
Figure 2
Changes in the expression of cellular markers and cytokine secretion by primary macrophage culture activated with oligomeric Aβ1–42 and their IC. Cells and cell culture supernatants were collected after 48 h of treatment with either small (1–4 nm), large (4–10 nm), or fibrillar Aβ1–42 oligomers or their IC and investigated either by flow cytometry (cell-bound markers F4/80 and CD86) or ELISA (cytokines IL-12, IL-23, TNF-α, and IL-10). As a negative control, untreated cells were examined. (a) and (b) represent normalized median fluorescence intensity (NMFI) of M1 phenotype markers F4/80 and CD86. (c), (d), and (e) represent concentrations of M1-related cytokines IL-12, IL-23, and TNF-α. (f) represents concentrations of M2-related cytokine IL-10. compared with control and compared inside the group or between groups using Student’s t-test. The bars represent mean ± SD, independent experiments.
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