Effects of Tobacco Usage and Antiretroviral Therapy on Biomarkers of Systemic Immune Activation in HIV-Infected Participants

Table 1

Demographic, clinical, and biomarker results of pre-cART and virally suppressed participants.

	Pre-cART	Virally suppressed	value
Age (years)	33 (29–37)	34 (31–41)	0.102
Gender	(64%)	(54.5%)	0.175
CD4 (cells/μL)	209 (115–305)	348 (240–464)	0.0001
Current smoker	32 (32%)	23 (23.2%)	0.167
Cotinine (ng/mL)	0 (0–87.3)	0 (0–9.5)	0.139
MIG (pg/mL)	2610.61 (1353.1–4350.02)	949.26 (694.21–1371.34)	0.0001
IL-6 (pg/mL)	4.51 (2.69–8.14)	2.26 (1.41–3.12)	0.0001
IL-8 (pg/mL)	22.0 (10.76–45.36)	8.2 (5.64–12.47)	0.0001
IP-10 (pg/mL)	1896.98 (963.88–2990.94)	723.13 (567.82–977.66)	0.0001
MCP-1 (pg/mL)	23.21 (13.39–41.81)	5.13 (0–21.66)	0.0001
TNF-α (pg/mL)	5.04 (0–14.14)	0 (0–2.44)	0.0001
RANTES (pg/mL)	1203.68 (326.58–2444.85)	563.22 (313.21–935.84)	0.0037
MMP-9 (ng/mL)	32.08 (18.77–56.51)	39.17 (28.54–53.7)	0.038
L-selectin (ng/mL)	1189.85 (1029.95–1418.19)	924.86 (781.39–1108.35)	0.0001
ICAM-1 (ng/mL)	351.51 (187.97–530.18)	185.42 (107.04–240.38)	0.0001
sCD14 (ng/mL)	11750.64 (8039.79–17467.5)	9029.48 (6836.25–12,373)	0.0003
Surfactant-D (ng/mL)	288.17 (169.5–448.52)	210.95 (123.73–340.87)	0.003
LBP (ng/mL)	2734.865 (1740.25–4286.065)	1151.46 (956.65–1441.26)	0.0001
β2-microglobulin (μg/mL)	2.98 (2.12–3.88)	1.7 (1.5–2.09)	0.0001
hsCRP (μg/mL)	3.84 (1.08–8.65)	3.03 (1.02–6.28)	0.194
Cyclophilin A (ng/mL)	33.79 (15.56–58.85)	33.01 (19.5–51.05)	0.794