Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Attenuate Adipose Inflammation in Obesity through Adipocyte Browning and Polarization of M2 Macrophages

Figure 5

(a, c) Results from western blotting which analyzed the levels of expression of proteins. Proteins PPAR-γ, LPL, and UCP1 were highly expressed in the differentiated browning adipocytes, whereas the protein FABP4 was highly expressed in the cells induced to become white adipocytes. , #, &, and all indicate that differences for the levels of protein expression were significant compared to results of the sample for which we induced white adipocytes (). (b) Proteins including LPA, ITGAM, and NF-κB were upregulated in the obese mice treatment group compared with the normal control mice, whereas the expression of UCP1 was downregulated. indicates that there was a significant difference for the levels of protein LPA in the obese mice treatment group regardless of having cell transplantation except for the mice that received rosiglitazone for comparisons to the normal control mice (). # indicates that there was a significant difference in the levels of expression of LPA protein in the obese mice treatment group compared with the mice that received rosiglitazone (). indicates that there was a significant difference in the levels of expression of the protein UCP1 in the obese mice treatment group with cell transplantation and rosiglitazone treatment compared with the normal control mice (). indicates that there was a significant difference in the levels of the expression of the protein UCP1 in the obese mice treatment group with cell transplantation compared with the obese mice treatment group without cell transplantation (). indicates that there was a significant difference of the levels of the expression of the protein ITGAM in the obese mice treatment group without cell transplantation compared with the normal control mice (). # indicates that there was a significant difference in the levels of expression of the protein NF-κB in the obese mice treatment group without cell transplantation compared with the normal control mice that also received rosiglitazone (). & indicates that there was a significant difference in the levels of the expression of the protein NF-κB in the obese mice treatment group that also received adenovirus injections compared with the normal control mice and the mice that received rosiglitazone (; (d)).

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