Comparison of Two Ginkgo biloba L. Extracts on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Markers in Human Endothelial Cells

Figure 8

Proposed mechanism to explain the effect of ginkgo extracts on signaling cascade involved in E-selectin regulation. Ginkgo could reduce the NF-κB activation by increasing intracellular cAMP levels acting on PDE4 or by enhancing AMPK activity. Lines with arrows indicate activation, while lines with bars indicate inhibition.