Autoantibodies as Diagnostic Markers and Mediator of Joint Inflammation in Arthritis

Table 2

List of autoantibodies to unmodified antigens detected in RA patients.

Type	Continent	Country	Antigen	Positive rate	Reference
RF	Europe	UK	IgG-Fc	13-72%	[91, 135]
		Netherlands		56.9-67%	[81, 90, 136]
		Sweden		55-67.8%	[89, 120]
		Europe		75%	[137]
		France		80.2%	[138]
		Poland		68.6%	[97]
		Italy		41.3-95%	[61, 90, 127, 139, 140]
		Spain		43.2-67.5%	[90, 98, 99]
	North America	USA		62.1-77%	[103, 104]
		Canada		57.7%	[106]
	South America	Brazil		63%	[107]
	Asia	China		71.4-76.9%	[108, 109]
		Sri Lanka		69%	[116]
		Iran		82.7%	[141]
		Taiwan		66.7%	[142]
		Japan		68.1-87.9%	[111, 113, 143–145]
		Bangladesh		94.23%	[110]
		Thailand		73.1%	[114]
cRF (IgA, IgG, IgM)	Africa	Africa		87%	[117]
IgM-RF	Europe	Denmark		55.6%	[92]
		Netherlands		21-75%	[84, 93, 94, 122–125]
		France		83.3%	[95]
		Hungary		70.6%	[126]
		Italy		76.5%	[61]
		Rome		65.3-68%	[101, 102]
		Austria		78.6%	[96]
		Belgium		88.7%	[51]
		Spain		60%	[79, 100]
		Sweden		59%	[94]
	Asia	Israel		80%	[115]
		Japan		86%	[112]
	South America	Chile		90%	[146]
IgG RF	Europe	Italy		59.1%	[61]
		Austria		78.6%	[96]
		Netherlands		24%	[122]
IgA-RF	Europe	Italy		61.4%	[61]
		Austria		73.8%	[96]
		Netherlands		33-60%	[122, 123]
Anti-GPI antibodies	Europe	France	GPI	28.4-45·4%	[76]
	North America	USA		15-49%	[77, 147]
	Asia	Japan		12-18.5%	[113, 143]
		China		75.0%	[109]
Anti-CarP antibodies	Europe	Netherlands	CarP	10-49.2%	[81, 84, 90, 94, 123–125]
		Sweden		26-42.2%	[79, 90, 94, 98–100, 121]
		Poland		29.4%	[97]
		Rome		34.4-38%	[101, 102]
		Italy		10%	[90]
	North America	USA		47%	[90]
		Canada		38.2%	[148]
	Asia	India		41.5%	[148]
Antinuclear antibody	Europe	Denmark	Nuclear antigens	19.4%	[92]
		France		44.4%	[95]
Antikeratin antibodies	Asia	China	Keratin	48.2%	[109]
Anti-hnRNP/RA33	Europe	Poland	hnRNP/RA33	37.3%	[97]
	Asia	China		7.3-44.7%	[149]