Production of Soluble Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β Ligand and Osteoprotegerin by Apical Periodontitis Cells in Culture and Their Modulation by Cytokines

Figure 1

Immunocytochemical presentation of T-type and B-type periapical lesions. Cytospins of periapical lesion (PL) cells were stained with an anti-CD3 (marker of T cells) or a combination of anti-CD19 (B cell marker) and anti-CD138 (marker of plasma cells), as described in “Materials and Methods.” A representative sample of T-type PL (predominance of T cells over B cells/plasma cells) or a sample of B-type PL (predominance of B cells/plasma cells) over T cells is presented. Macrophages, which are positively stained with CD138 (intracytoplasmic granular staining), are excluded from the analysis, based on morphological criteria. Some of them are marked by arrows. Controls are stained by an irrelevant (anti-rat CD4) monoclonal antibody, nonreactive with human tissues. Magnifications: ×200.