Anti-PD-1 Antibody Administration following Hip Fracture Surgery Reverses Immune Dysfunction and Decreases Susceptibility to Infection

Figure 1

(a, b) PD-1 expression on CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells temporarily increases after hip fracture and surgery. Mice were euthanized 1, 3, and 7 days after hip fracture and surgery or anesthesia alone (sham). PD-1 expression was measured in isolated splenocytes using flow cytometry ( per group). Results are expressed as the . Analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with the Tukey post hoc test. when compared to the sham group.

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