Butyrate Enhances Desensitization Induced by Oral Immunotherapy in Cow’s Milk Allergic Mice

Figure 6

Increased butyrate concentrations in cecum content of OIT + FOS mice. SCFA analysis in cecum content (upon local fermentation) indicated that (a) butyrate levels were increased in OIT + FOS mice compared to OIT mice and sensitized controls. (b) Propionate and (c) acetate levels in cecum content were increased in sensitized controls compared to sham-sensitized controls. (d) Mean total SCFA levels were increased in the sensitized controls correspondingly. (e) Serum galectin-9 concentrations measured by means of ELISA. Data are represented as mean ± SEM, /group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc test to compare preselected combinations. , , . SCFA: short-chain fatty acids. The horizontal line drawn above the groups FOS, butyrate, OIT, OIT + FOS, and OIT + butyrate (b–d) indicates that all groups differ significantly from the sensitized control group with (b), (c), and (d).

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