Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Promotes Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction by Inducing the M1 Polarization and Migration of Microglia

Figure 1

Study design. The aged rats were divided into four groups and received the lithium or saline treatment for 7 consecutive days. Then, the rats in the appropriate group received the tibia fracture surgery. The TFC training was performed 30 min before surgery. The brain tissues and serum samples were collected 24 h after surgery. Behavioral tests were also performed at this time point.