The Link between Circadian Clock Genes and Autophagy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Figure 1

The regulation of circadian rhythm in the lung. The peripheral clock present in the lung is affected by SCN. In the form of a heterodimer, the clock/Bmal1 complex can activate the element sequence of E-box and regulate the expression of the Period family and Cryptochrome family. Per and Cry heterodimers are transmitted to the nucleus after being phosphorylated by casein kinases. They inhibit Per and Cry transcriptions by blocking the activity of the clock/Bmal1 complex. Nuclear receptors REV-ERBα/β, RORα/γ, and CCG, are also involved in the expression of the circadian rhythm of their target genes by regulating transcription. CK: casein kinases; P: phosphorylate; Ub: ubiquitination; Ac: acetylation.