Associations between TGF-β1 Levels and Markers of Hemolysis, Inflammation, and Tissue Remodeling in Pediatric Sickle Cell Patients
Table 1
Laboratory profile of pediatric patients with sickle cell anemia (HbSS), hemoglobin SC disease (HbSC), and healthy controls (HC).
Parameter
HbSS
()
HbSC
()
HC
()
value
Hemoglobin pattern
Fetal hemoglobin (%)
<0.0001
S hemoglobin (%)
—
<0.0001
Hematological parameters
RBC (×106/mL)
<0.0001
Hemoglobin (g/dL)
<0.0001
Hematocrit (%)
<0.0001
MCV (fL)
<0.0001
MCH (ρg)
<0.0001
MCHC (%)
<0.0001
Reticulocyte count (%)
<0.0001
Leukocyte count (/mL)
<0.0001
Neutrophil count (/mL)
<0.0001
Eosinophil count (/mL)
<0.0001
Lymphocyte count (/mL)
<0.0001
Monocyte count (/mL)
<0.0001
Platelet count (×103/mL)
<0.0001
Biochemical parameters
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
<0.0001
HDL-C (mg/dL)
<0.0001
LDL-C (mg/dL)
<0.0001
VLDL-C (mg/dL)
0.0180
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
0.0150
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)
<0.0001
Direct bilirubin (mg/dL)
<0.0001
Indirect bilirubin (mg/dL)
<0.0001
LDH (U/L)
<0.0001
ALT (U/L)
<0.0001
AST (U/L)
<0.0001
Total protein (g/dL)
0.1450
Albumin (g/dL)
0.577
Globulin (g/dL)
0.0080
Ferritin (ηg/mL)
<0.0001
Urea (mg/dL)
<0.0001
Creatinine (mg/dL)
<0.0001
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (mg/dL)
<0.0001
RBC: red blood cells; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; VLDL-C: very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; : number; SD: standard deviation. All values were obtained using the Kruskal-Wallis test, with the exception of (), which indicates a value obtained from the ordinary one-way ANOVA.
