Review Article
Gut Microbiota and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Association, Mechanism, and Translational Applications
Table 1
Baseline gut microbiota or bacterial metabolite characteristics of responders and nonresponders.
| Treatment | Responders | Nonresponders | Predictors | Increase | Decrease | Increase | Decrease |
| Exercise | Lanchospiraceae bacterium Streptococcus mitis Bacteroides SCFAs GABA | Bacteroides xylanisolvens Alistipes shahii Prevotella copri BCAAs | Alistipes shahii Detrimental metabolites | Alistipes putredinis Ruminococcus gnavus GABA SCFAs | Bacteroides xylanisolvens Bacteroides cellulosilyticus GABA |
| FMT | Subdoligranulum variabile Dorea longicatena | Eubacterium ventriosum Ruminococcus torques | Ruminococcus torques | | Low baseline diversity Subdoligranulum variabile |
| Barley bread | Prevotella species | | Bacteroides species | | Prevotella copri |
| Drugs | | | | | |
| Metformin | | Imidazole propionate | Imidazole propionate | | Imidazole propionate |
| Acarbose | Bacteroides UDCA PBA/SBA ratio | LCA and DCA 12-α OH/non-12α OH BA ratio | Prevotella | | Bacteroides/Prevotella |
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SCFAs: short-chain fatty acids; GABA: γ-aminobutyric acid; BCAAs: branched-chain amino acids; FMT: fecal microbiota transplantation; UDCA: ursodeoxycholic acid; PBA: primary bile acids; SBA: secondary bile acids; LCA: lithocholic acid; DCA: deoxycholic acid; BA: bile acid.
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