Prophylactic Treatment of Probiotic and Metformin Mitigates Ethanol-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury: In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Approaches

Figure 10

Probiotic V and Met unaided or in combination regulate the lipid accumulation in the colon to prevent ethanol-induced intestinal injury. mRNA expression of lipogenic genes (a) AMPK, (b) SREBP-1c, (c) FAS, and (d) ACC involved in lipid metabolism in the rat colon and (e) levels of TC and (f) TG in the colon. The gene expression levels were measured after normalizing against 18S. Values are expressed as of six rats. Statistical analysis: one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. ^### and ^#### compared to the control group; , , , and compared with the ethanol-fed group; ^a and ^aa compared with the E + probiotic V group; ^b, ^bb, and ^bbb compared with the E + Met group.

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