Prophylactic Treatment of Probiotic and Metformin Mitigates Ethanol-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury: In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Approaches

Figure 4

Effect of probiotic V and Met alone or in combination on ethanol-induced intestinal barrier integrity in the Wistar rat model. (a) Percentage of FD-4 permeation. TJ protein expression of (b) ZO-1 and (c) occludin. Values are expressed as of six rats. Statistical analysis: one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. ^### and ^#### compared to the control group; , , and compared with the ethanol-fed group; ^a, ^aa, and ^aaa compared with the E + probiotic V group; ^b, ^bb, and ^bbb compared with the E + Met group.

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