Probiotic-Derived Polyphosphate Accelerates Intestinal Epithelia Wound Healing through Inducing Platelet-Derived Mediators

Figure 1

Poly P improved intestinal inflammation and enhanced the accumulation of platelets at the intestinal epithelia in a DSS-induced colitis model. A schematic illustration of the curing schedule of the DSS-induced colitis study (a). The length of inflamed colon (b) and histopathological changes (c) were significantly improved by poly P in DSS-induced colitis mice. RT-PCR showed that the expression of mRNA of proinflammatory cytokines IL1β (d), TNF (e), and IL6 (f) was significantly decreased by poly P, while that of IFN-γ (g) was not. Immunohistochemical staining of CD61 showed the accumulation of platelets at the surface of the intestinal epithelia after treatment with poly P (h). An ELISA of plasma D-dimer levels showed no significant effect on the thrombotic condition by treatment with poly P (i). The error bars and numbers show the standard deviation. by a one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s protected least post hoc test.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)