Curcumin Antagonizes Glucose Fluctuation-Induced Renal Injury by Inhibiting Aerobic Glycolysis via the miR-489/LDHA Pathway

Figure 1

Cur protected HEK-293 cell from GF-induced cytotoxicity. (a) Viability of HEK-293 cells was measured by CCK8 at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. (b) Inflammatory markers of TNF-α and IL-1β at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. (c) Levels of oxidative stress marker, including MDA and mitochondrial and cytoplasmic SOD at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. (d) Apoptosis index was tested by flow cytometry at 48 h. GF deteriorated inflammation injury, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HEK-293 cell, while Cur could alleviate this GF-induced cytotoxicity. Each error bar reflects the SEM of at least three independent sets.

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