Saussureae Radix Attenuates Neuroinflammation in LPS-Stimulated Mouse BV2 Microglia via HO-1/Nrf-2 Induction and Inflammatory Pathway Inhibition

Figure 6

Effects of two compounds costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone on (a) viability of microglia, secretion of (b) nitric oxide (NO) and (c, d) inflammatory cytokines, and expression of (e–g) cytokine mRNAs, (h, i) inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2 mRNAs, and (j) heme oxygenase- (HO-) 1 mRNA. Control cells were incubated with only fresh DMEM. BV2 cells were incubated with each compound, 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 (a, b), 6 (c–g), 3 (h, i), or 6 h (j). ^# (vs. control); , , and ^† (vs. LPS).

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