Early Reciprocal Effects in a Murine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury and Femoral Fracture

Figure 1

Femoral fracture impairs behavioral outcome after TBI. (a) NSS one day before as well as 1, 3, and 5 dpi. CCI mice showed an increased NSS compared to sham at 1 and 3 dpi and almost completely recovered until 5 dpi. Animals with FF demonstrated greater impairments in relation to sham up to 5 dpi and recovered from 1 to 5 dpi. CCI+FF mice showed an increased NSS from 1 to 5 dpi and did not recover over time. Significance indicators: ^#significant compared to sham, ⁺significant compared to FF, ^xsignificant compared to CCI, significant recovery from 1 dpi to 5 dpi. (b) Body weight one day before operation (preop.) and 1, 3, and 5 dpi was not significantly altered between the groups. (c) Leg performance test (LPT), performed at 1, 3, and 5 dpi in the FF and CCI+FF groups. CCI+FF mice showed higher scores at 1 dpi and recovered from 1 to 5 dpi. (d, e) Mean velocity and total distance in the OFT one day before and 1, 3, and 5 dpi. FF mice showed less locomotion in comparison to CCI 3 dpi and CCI and sham 5 dpi. CCI+FF mice did not differ from other experimental groups. (f) Anxiety expression behavior (AEB) one day before and 1, 3, and 5 dpi. CCI+FF mice showed reduced AEB compared to all other groups at 3 and 5 dpi. Values of all data represent ; values were calculated dependent on data distribution by Tukey’s multiple comparison test (a, d, e) or Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparison test (b, c, f).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)