Heightened Local T_h17 Cell Inflammation Is Associated with Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children under the Age of 1 Year

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of collected patients, median (interquartile range, 25%-75%).

Parameters	All ()	Severe (, 33.9%)	Nonsevere (, 66.1%)	value
Demographics
Age (month)	8 (5-10)	8 (5-10)	7.5 (5-10)	0.7666^a
Sex (M), (%)	46 (74.2%)	15 (71.4%)	31 (75.6%)	0.7648^a
Sign and symptoms
Fever, No. (%)	28 (45.2%)	16 (76.2%)	12 (29.3%)	0.0010^a
Cough, No. (%)	57 (91.9%)	20 (95.2%)	37 (90.2%)	0.6541^a
Wheezing, No. (%)	31 (50.0%)	18 (85.7%)	13 (31.7%)	0.0001^a
Dyspnea, No. (%)	21 (33.9%)	17 (81.0%)	4 (9.8%)	<0.0001^a
Change in level of consciousness, No. (%)	8 (12.9%)	8 (38.1%)	0 (0.0%)	<0.0001^a
Digestive symptoms, No. (%)	10 (16.1%)	7 (33.3%)	3 (7.3%)	0.0236^a
Laboratory findings^c
Leukocytes (× 10^9/l; normal range 5–12)	10.7 (8.4-14.3)	9.6 (7.5-14.9)	11.2 (9.4-13.6)	0.4525^a
Neutrophils (× 10^9/l; normal range 2.0-7.2)	3.6 (2.3-6.1)	5.4 (3.5-7.9)	3.1 (2.0-4.6)	0.0347^a
Hemoglobin (g/l; normal range 105-145)	113 (103-123)	101 (92-110)	118 (107-125)	<0.0001^a
Platelets (× 10^9/l; normal range 140–440)	390 (310-463)	335 (279-419.5)	403 (318-503)	0.0261^a
ALT (U/l; normal range 9–50)	22 (18.5-35)	21.5 (19-33.5)	27 (13-49)	0.6401^a
LDH (U/l; normal range 159–322)	359 (316-501)	369.5 (336-674.5)	309 (293-356)	0.0224^a
PCT (ng/ml; normal range <0.1)	0.10 (0.05-0.22)	0.21 (0.04-1.33)	0.09 (0.04-0.18)	0.2106^a
CRP (mg/l; normal range 0.0–6.0)	14.2 (1.3-36.1)	15.7 (1.7-36.2)	4.9 (1.8-34.4)	0.6344^a
Etiology
Single virus	19 (30.6%)	7 (33.3%)	12 (28.6%)	0.7767^b
Single bacteria	13 (21.0%)	1 (4.8%)	12 (28.6%)	0.0445^b
Mixed bacteria-virus	12 (19.4%)	9 (42.8%)	3 (7.1%)	0.0016^b
Others/undetected	18 (29.0%)	4 (19.0%)	16 (38.1%)	0.1541^b
Treatment
Antibiotics, No. (%)	35 (56.5%)	17 (81.0%)	18 (43.9%)	0.0069^b
Systemic corticosteroid, No. (%)	6 (9.7%)	6 (28.6%)	0 (0.0%)	0.0009^b
Outcome
Length of stay (days)	9 (4-39)	11 (8.5-18)	8 (6-10)	< 0.0001^b
Mortality, No. (%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	>0.9999^b

^a value calculated by Mann-Whitney test. ^b value calculated by chi-square test. ^cThe data of laboratory findings were collected from patients with acute exacerbation.