Reduction on Proinflammatory Cytokines after Application of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) in Patients with a Breast Cancer: A Nonrandomized, Open, and Single-Arm Study Protocol with Paired Analysis

Table 1

Eligibility criteria.

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Inclusion criteria

(i) Written informed consent obtained from the subject
(ii) Adult women (≥18 years of age)
(iii) Primary diagnosis of breast cancer confirmed by immunohistochemistry and breast biopsy
(iv) Medical indication but having not started chemotherapy

Exclusion criteria

(i) Metastatic disease, breast cancer recurrence, or mastectomy
(ii) Bilateral breast cancer
(iii) Chemotherapy, biological therapy, radiation therapy, or previous surgery for any active malignancy, including breast cancer
(iv) No biological therapy even if indicated for another pathology
(v) Another malignancy in the last 5 years
(vi) Any pathology in the cervical spine and shoulders, even if asymptomatic
(vii) Any inflammatory disease and/or orthopedic disease in activity
(viii) Physical therapy or acupuncture sessions ongoing for any pathology
(ix) Heart failure (New York Heart Association) grade III or IV, myocardial infarction, coronary/peripheral artery revascularization, stroke, unstable angina pectoris, uncontrolled arrhythmia, or pulmonary embolism
(x) Active infection
(xi) Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
(xii) Uncontrolled hypertension ()
(xiii) Major surgery or significant traumatic injury lesser than 6 months

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