mTOR Modulates the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced CD4⁺ T Cell Apoptosis Mediated by ROS in Septic Immunosuppression

Figure 4

ERS-induced apoptosis leads to CD4⁺ T cell apoptosis in CLP mice. Apoptosis in CD4⁺ T cells from WT, CLP, and CLP+4-PBA mice was assessed by flow cytometry analysis. Apoptosis ratios are the early apoptosis percentage plus the late apoptosis percentage (a). -axis: V-FITC; -axis: PI. Left panel: gating strategy for apoptosis cells; right panel: percentage of apoptotic cells in the left panel. Graphs show , four to six mice per group. Representative images of ER in CD4⁺ T cells from WT, CLP, and CLP+4-PBA mice, as observed by electron microscopy (b). Data are , (one-way ANOVA Dunnett’s post hoc test). Blue arrows represent normal-sized ER. Red arrows represent dilation and vesiculation of the ER. . FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; PI: propidium iodide.

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