The Role of Noncoding RNA in Airway Allergic Diseases through Regulation of T Cell Subsets

Table 1

The expression and mechanisms of ncRNAs in asthma.

ncRNA	Expression level	Signaling pathways or targets	Function
miRNA-1248	Upregulation	Unknown	Elevate Th2 cytokine levels [87]
miRNA-126	Upregulation	DNMT1	Promote inflammation [88]
miRNA-21	Upregulation	PI3K/Akt, IL13Rα1, STAT6	Modulate ASMCs proliferation, migration, and modulate IL-12 [89, 90]
miRNA-21	Upregulation	STAT4	Decrease IL-12 levels [90]
miRNA-98	Upregulation	Unknown	Suppress the expression of TSP1 [91]
miRNA-155	Upregulation	PGE2	Enhance COX2 expression [92]
miR-371 miR-138; miR-544 miR-145; miR-214	Upregulation	Runx3	Balance Th1/Th2 [93]
miRNA-16	Upregulation	ADRB2	Predictive biomarker of therapeutic response [94]
miRNA-146a-5p	Upregulation	5-LO	Attenuate inflammation [95]
miRNA-30a	Upregulation	ATG5	Decrease inflammation [96]
miRNA-126	Downregulation	GATA3	Diminish Th2 response [32]
miRNA-200	Downregulation	Unknown	Inhibit IL-33 levels [35]
miRNA-let-7a	Upregulation	Unknown	Decrease IL-33 levels [36]
miR-192-5p	Upregulation	MMP-16, ATG7	Enhance airway remodeling and autophagy [41]
miR-19a	Upregulation	PTEN, MAPK/STAT1	Enhance airway remodeling and Th2 [43, 44]
miR-221-3p	Upregulation	CXCL17	Aggravate inflammation [45]
miRNA-221	Downregulation	Unknown	Reduce airway inflammation [97]
miR-142-3p	Downregulation	WNT	Regulate proliferation and differentiation of ASMCs [98]
miRNA-34a	Downregulation	FoxP3	Attenuate inflammation [99]
miRNA-410	Downregulation	Unknown	Decrease IL-4/IL13levels [100]
miR-218-5p	Downregulation	CTNND2	Suppress chemokine expression [101]
miRNA-192	Downregulation	CXCR5	Suppresses T helper cell [102]
miRNA-485	Downregulation	TGF-β/Smads	Decrease smurf2 levels [103]
miR-21-5p	Downregulation	Smad7	Promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition [52]
miR-301a-3p	Downregulation	STAT3	Activate smooth muscle cells [53]
lncRNA-MEG3	Upregulation	miRNA-17/ RORγt	Regulate Treg/Th17 balance [62]
lncRNA-MALAT1	Upregulation	miRNA-155	Promote Th2 inflammation [63]
lncRNA PCGEM1	Upregulation	NF-κB	Ameliorate inflammation [67]
lncRNA CRNDE	Upregulation	Unknown	Enhance airway remodeling [73]
lncRNA-BAZ2B	Upregulation	Unknown	Promote M2 macrophage activation [104]
lncRNA-000127	Upregulation	Unknown	Promote Th2 inflammation [105]
lncRNA-TCF7	Upregulation	TIMMDC1/Akt	Promote the growth and migration of ASMCs [106]
lncRNA-PVT1	Upregulation	miRNA-149, miR-15a-5p, miR-29c-3p	Exacerbate inflammation and impact Th1/Th2 imbalance [107, 108]
lncRNA-PVT1	Upregulation	miR-590-5p/FSTL1	Attenuate airway remodeling [68, 109]
lncRNA-ANRIL	Upregulation	miRNA-125a	Exacerbate severity and inflammation [69]
lncRNA-Malat1	Upregulation	miR-150-eIF4E/Akt	Exacerbate inflammation [110]
lncRNA-NEAT1	Upregulation	microRNA-124	Increase inflammation [111]
lncRNA- n337374	Upregulation	CD86 and ERK	Ameliorate inflammation [112]
lncRNA-BCYRN1	Upregulation	Receptor potential 1	Promote inflammation [113]
lncRNA-TUG1	Upregulation	microRNA181b/HMGB1	Promote inflammation [114, 115]
lncRNA- LASI	Upregulation	MUC5AC	Promote inflammation [115]
lncRNA-H19	Downregulation	PI3K/Akt/NF-kB, miR21/PTEN/Akt	Attenuate inflammation [116, 117]
lncRNA-AK169641	Downregulation	Unknown	Increase eosinophils infiltration [118]
lncRNA-TUG1	Downregulation	miR-29c/B7-H3	Promote Th2 cell differentiation [20]
lncRNA-AK085-865	Downregulation	Unknown	Ameliorate inflammation [119]
lncRNA-BCYRN1	Downregulation	miRNA-150	Inhibit the proliferation of ASMCs [113]
lncRNA-LINCPINT	Downregulation	miRNA-265p/PTEN	Retard the abnormal growth of ASMCs [120]
circRNA-0005519	Upregulation	miRNA-7a-5p	Increase IL-6/IL-13levels [82]
circRNA-HIPK3	Upregulation	miR-326/STIM1; miR-375/MMP-16	Modulate the proliferation of AMSCs [85, 121]
circRNA-0002594	Upregulation	Unknown	Upregulate in CD4^+ T cells [86]
CircRNA-ZNF652	Upregulation	miR-452-5p/JAK2	Promote the goblet cell metaplasia [122]
circRNA-ERBB2	Downregulation	miR-98-5p/IGF1R	Increase infiltration [123]