Extracellular Cardiolipin Modulates Select Immune Functions of Astrocytes in Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 4-Dependent Manner

Figure 1

The effect of CL on cytotoxicity of human U118 MG astrocytic cells towards human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. Increasing concentrations of CL alone or its vehicle solution was added to U118 MG astrocytic cell cultures (e, f), or CL was added 15 min before exposure of astrocytic cells to LPS (400 ng/ml) (a, b) or a combination of IFN-γ (400 U/ml) plus IL-1β (20 pg/ml) (c, d). After 48 h, U118 MG cell supernatants were transferred onto SH-SY5Y neuronal cell cultures, and the viability of astrocytic cells (b, d, f) was measured by the MTT assay. Following 72 h exposure to U118 MG astrocytic cell supernatants, SH-SY5Y viability (a, c, e) was measured using the MTT assay. All data (presented as ) in this figure are normalized against cell viability values (shown as dashed lines) obtained from U118 MG cells exposed to the CL solvent (1% ethanol) only (b, d, f) or SH-SY5Y cells incubated in supernatants from U118 MG astrocytic cells that have been exposed to the CL solvent only (a, c, e). and according to Dunnett’s post-hoc test. and values for the one-way randomized blocks ANOVA are shown.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)