Extracellular Cardiolipin Modulates Select Immune Functions of Astrocytes in Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 4-Dependent Manner

Figure 4

The effect of CL on the expression of TLR 4 by unstimulated (a) and LPS-stimulated (b) human U118 MG astrocytic cells. CL (20 μg/ml) or its vehicle solution was added to U118 MG astrocytic cell cultures 15 min before exposure to LPS (400 ng/ml) or its vehicle solution. After 48 h, TLR 4 protein levels were measured by immunostaining. The resulting chemiluminescence signal was normalized to protein concentration in each well. Data () are presented as a ratio of normalized chemiluminescence signal to that obtained from untreated control cells. according to the paired Student’s -test.

(a)

(b)