Extracellular Cardiolipin Modulates Select Immune Functions of Astrocytes in Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 4-Dependent Manner

Figure 7

The effect of TLR 4-specific antagonist TAK-242 on CL-induced secretion of MCP-1 by human U118 MG astrocytic cells and their viability in serum-containing (a, c) and serum-free (b, d) media. TAK-242 (10 μM) was added to U118 MG astrocytic cells 30 min before their exposure to CL. After 48 h, the concentration of MCP-1 in cell supernatants was measured by an ELISA, and the viability of U118 MG astrocytic cells was measured by the MTT assay. Data are presented as . Cell viability in (c, d) is normalized to values obtained from U118 MG cultures not exposed to CL, TAK-242, or their vehicle solutions. and according to Tukey’s post-hoc test. and values for the one-way randomized blocks ANOVA are shown. The detection limit of the ELISA is presented as the dotted line.

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