Protease-Activated Receptor-2 and Phospholipid Metabolism Analysis in Hyperuricemia-Induced Renal Injury

Figure 2

The expression of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway genes, protein, and downstream factors in rat renal tissue. (a) Expression of PAR2, PI3K, AKT, and NF-κB genes was examined by RT–PCR (n = 20). (b) Expression of PAR2, PI3K, AKT, and NF-κB proteins were examined by Western blotting (n = 20). (c) PAR2 localization was examined in renal sections using immunohistochemistry. (d) The levels of pro-IL-1β, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, and TGF-β in rat kidneys were examined by ELISA assay (n = 20). Data are presented as means ± standard deviation. n = 20 per group; ns, not significant. . Ade, adenine; Eth, ethambutol; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6, Interleukin-6; pro-IL-1β, pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)