Periodontal Health and Disease in the Context of Systemic Diseases

Figure 4

Scaling and root planing determines a reduction of circulating levels of proinflammatory proteins, cytokines, bacteria, and their antigens, thus inducing a lowering of the systemic inflammation and an improvement in insulin signaling and resistance. The reduction in HbA1c levels is a protective factor against the complications of diabetes. Adapted from “An Update on the Evidence for Pathogenic Mechanisms that May Link Periodontitis and Diabetes,” Shapira L. & Polak D. [62], Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2017, 45: 150-166, Copyright (2017), with permission from Wiley.