Sorbitol Destroyed Intestinal Microfold Cells (M Cells) Development through Inhibition of PDE4-Mediated RANKL Expression

<div>Sorbitol suppressed M-cell differentiation: (a) intestinal organoids were analyzed in response to 100 mM mannitol and 100 mM sorbitol. The representative image of intestinal organoids was captured to analyze the effect of sorbitol on M-cell differentiation; (b) the total RNA was extracted from the indicated group described in (a), and real-time PCR was employed to detect related gene expression involved in M-cell differentiation, including GP2, ANXA5, spi-B, SOX8, and Marckl1. Data presented as the mean ± s.e.m. of three independent experiments and were analyzed by one sample <i>t</i> test, <span class="nowrap"><svg height="13.532pt" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-3.4295pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.1025 70.2096 13.532" width="70.2096pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,2.179,-5.741)"><path d="M486 158C486 177 478 202 466 220C413 228 386 236 336 262C386 288 413 297 466 304C478 323 486 347 485 366C470 376 444 381 422 380C389 338 368 319 321 288C323 345 329 372 349 422C339 442 322 461 305 470C289 461 271 442 262 422C281 372 287 345 290 288C243 319 222 338 189 380C167 381 142 376 125 366C125 347 133 322 145 304C198 296 225 288 275 262C225 236 198 227 145 220C133 201 125 177 126 158C141 148 167 143 189 144C222 186 243 205 290 236C288 179 282 152 262 102C272 82 289 63 306 54C322 63 340 82 350 102C330 152 324 179 321 236C368 205 390 186 422 144C444 143 470 148 486 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313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,51.888,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g></svg>;</span> (c) the representative image of intestinal organoids was imaged in response to various concertation of sorbitol. Bar: 75 <i>μ</i>m, data presented as the mean ± s.e.m. were analyzed by one ANOVA, <span class="nowrap"><svg height="13.532pt" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-3.4295pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.1025 82.0539 13.532" width="82.0539pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,2.179,-5.741)"><path d="M486 158C486 177 478 202 466 220C413 228 386 236 336 262C386 288 413 297 466 304C478 323 486 347 485 366C470 376 444 381 422 380C389 338 368 319 321 288C323 345 329 372 349 422C339 442 322 461 305 470C289 461 271 442 262 422C281 372 287 345 290 288C243 319 222 338 189 380C167 381 142 376 125 366C125 347 133 322 145 304C198 296 225 288 275 262C225 236 198 227 145 220C133 201 125 177 126 158C141 148 167 143 189 144C222 186 243 205 290 236C288 179 282 152 262 102C272 82 289 63 306 54C322 63 340 82 350 102C330 152 324 179 321 236C368 205 390 186 422 144C444 143 470 148 486 158Z"></path></g><g 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Mediators of Inflammation

fig1

Figure 1

Figure 1: Sorbitol Destroyed Intestinal Microfold Cells (M Cells) Development through Inhibition of PDE4-Mediated RANKL Expression 