Bioelectric State and Cell Cycle Control of Mammalian Neural Stem Cells

Figure 2

Effects upon manipulation of ion channels or extracellular ionic composition on the proliferation of NSC. Green and red arrows indicate increased or decreased proliferation, respectively, as deduced from incorporation of thymidine analogues or number of neurons in the adult striatum (1) or motor cortex (2). Agonists and antagonists used (Psora-4 = 5-(4-phenylbutoxy)psoralen; TEA = tetraethylammonium chloride; QND = quinidine; DTX = α-dendrotoxin; FSK = forskolin; 4-AP = 4-aminopyridine; PTX = phrixotoxin; BMI = biculline methionine; D-APV = D(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoicacid; CNQX = 6-cyano-7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; NQBX = 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-nitro-2,3-dioxo-benzol(f)-quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide) as well as source of NSC form different species (r = rat; h = human; m = mouse), developmental stage (E = embryonic day; W = embryonic week), or region (mid = midbrain; Cx = cortex; LGE = lateral ganglionic eminence; Hp = hippocampus; VZ = ventricular zone; SVZ = subventricular zone) are indicated. *reduced viability; **only in the presence of bFGF; O-2A = oligodendrocyte progenitors.