Management of Fibrosis: The Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Breakthrough

Figure 2

Fibrosis is a multicomponent pathology driven by multiple factors. Fibrotic diseases are driven by multiple factors such as inflammatory reaction, hypoxia, and oxidative stress leading to the activation of the TGF-β1 pathway (DC: dendritic cell, EMT: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, LAP: latency associated protein, MMP: matrix metalloproteinase, RNS: reactive nitrogen species, ROS: reactive oxygen species, Smad: small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog, TGF: transforming growth factor, and TIMP: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases).