Phenotypic and Proteomic Characteristics of Human Dental Pulp Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from a Natal, an Exfoliated Deciduous, and an Impacted Third Molar Tooth

Figure 4

In vitro differentiation potential of NDPSCs, SHED, and DPSCs. ((a1), (b1), and (c1)). Adipogenic differentiation is visually marked by accumulation of neutral lipid vacuoles in cultures (Oil Red staining). Actin ((a1) and (b1)) and vimentin (c1) expression were shown in green and nuclei in blue with DAPI. ((a2), (b2), and (c2)) Osteogenic differentiation was indicated by the formation of calcified nodule with Alizarin Red S staining. ((a3), (b3), and (c3)) The analyzed sections were positive for Safranin O staining after chondrogenic differentiation.