| | Authors | Type of cells | Clinical outcomes |
| | Nizankowski et al. [143] | BMCs | Improvement of symptoms (pain, cold sensation), increase in ABI and TcPO2, new collateral vessels | | Napoli et al. [144] | BMCs | Increase in ABI and walking distance, ulcer healing, reduction of amputation rates | | Procházka et al. [145] | BMCs | Improvement in toe pressure, TBI, LDI, and TcPO2 | | Matoba et al. [146] | BMMNCs | Long-term improvement in pain scale, ulcer size, and walking distance, reduced amputation rates | | Amann et al. [8] | BMMNCs | Limb salvage, increase in ABI and TcPO2 | | Kawamura et al. [147] | PBMNCs with GcSF | Reduced amputations, mostly in nondiabetic nondialysis patients | | Huang et al. [148] | PBMNCs versus BMMNCs | PBMNC administration: higher overall efficacy, improvement in ABI, skin temperature, rest pain, walking distance, TcPO2, ulcers, and amputation rates (both treatments) | | Tateishi-Yuyama et al. [149] | Bone marrow MNCs | Increased ABPI and TcPO2 pressure, decreased rest pain | | Motukuru et al. [150] | Bone marrow MNCs | Increased ABPI and improvement in ulcer healing | | Lara-Hernandez et al. [108] | Peripheral blood CD34+ CD133+ cells after G-CSF mobilization | Increased ABPI and improvement in ulcer healing | | Benetti et al. [151] | Human fetal-derived stem cells | | | Burt et al. [152] | EPCs (CD34/CD133) | Improvement in amputation-free survival, exercise capacity, pain relief, collateral formation, perfusion, and QoL | | MESENDO (II) Clinicaltrials.gov # NCT00721006 [153] | Stem cell mixture | Completed; pending publication | | Lasala et al. [154] | BM-MNC
EPC + BM-MSC | ↑ABI, ↑angiogenesis (MRA), ↑AFS, ↑TcPO2, ↑WH, ↑WT, ↓pain | | Dash et al. [155] | BM-MSC | ↑angiogenesis (biopsy), ↑WH, ↑WD, ↓pain | | NCT01257776 [156] | Adipose-MSC | ABI, AFS, DSA improved | | NCT01216865 [156] | Cord-MSC | ABI, AFS, pain, WT, WH improved |
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