| Subtype | Category | Regulators | Target CSC | Function, clinical relevance | Reference |
| Osteosarcoma | Signaling pathways | MAPK | 3AB-OS | Self-renewal, tumorigenicity | [60, 61] | Wnt/β-catenin | Sarcosphere, SP | Tumorigenicity, drug resistance, invasion | [64, 65] | Notch | ALDH | Oxidative stress, migration, invasion, VEGF expression | [69] | TGF-β | Sarcosphere | Dedifferentiation, clonogenicity | [70] | TNF-α | AX | Tumorigenesis, differentiation | [71] | BMP2 | ALDH | Tumorigenesis, stem-cell marker, differentiation marker | [72] |
| Osteosarcoma | Epigenetic regulators | miR-29b | 3AB-OS | Sphere, clonogenicity, drug resistance | [76] | miR-133a | CD133 | Invasion, metastasis, prognosis | [77] | miR-143 | CD133/ALDH | Drug resistance, autophagy, prognosis | [78] | miR-1247 | CD117/Stro-1 | Sphere, proliferation | [79] | HIF2PUT | CD133 | Sphere, proliferation, migration, alteration of HIF2-α mRNA | [82] | Telomerase | Sarcosphere | Sphere, invasion, drug resistance, tumorigenicity | [85] | TSSC3 | Sarcosphere | Sphere, clonogenicity, apoptosis, regulate Oct3/4, Nanog, and Sox2 | [86] | MLH1, MSH2 | Sarcosphere | Drug resistance | [19] |
| Ewing sarcoma | Epigenetic regulators | TARBP2 | CD133 | Tumorigenicity, CD13 frequency | [81] | miR-145 | CD133 | Tumorigenicity | [80] | miR-143, -145 | CD133 | Clonogenicity, tumorigenicity | [81] |
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