Stem Cells International

Research Article

Bone Formation by Sheep Stem Cells in an Ectopic Mouse Model: Comparison of Adipose and Bone Marrow Derived Cells and Identification of Donor-Derived Bone by Antibody Staining

Table 2

Studies comparing A-CEAC and BM-CEAC without osteogenic gene transfection or differentiation prior to implantation. Only data related to bone formation is shown. All studies used CEAC from 2nd to 5th passages. values shown when available. Adapted with modifications from Liao and Chen [13].


Author	Cell origin	Cell characterization	Animal model	Scaffold	Observation time	Analytic method	Outcome

Brocher et al. [27]	Human	Adherence, CD105+, CD73+, CD90+, CD34−, CD45−	Subcutaneous in mice	TCP granules	8 weeks	Histology (new bone observed in specimens)	A-CEAC: 0/22 BM-CEAC: 11/14
					12 weeks		A-CEAC 2/6 BM-CEAC 5/6

Hayashi et al. [28]	Rat	Adherence, CD90+, CD29+, CD45−	Subcutaneous	HA disk	6 weeks	μCT (bone volume)	A-CEA 0.05 mm³ ± 0.05 BM-CEAC 6.85 mm³ ± 1.89 ( < 0.001)
						Histology (new bone observed in specimens)	A-CEAC: none BM-CEAC: all

Jo et al. [29]	Human	Adherence, CD105+, CD73+, CD90+, CD34−, CD45−, HLA-DR-	Segmental femur defect in rat	HA/TCP (60%/40%) cylinder	12 weeks	X-ray (bone formation score [30]⁠)	BM-CEA: 4.00 ± 0.63 A-CEA: 3.17 ± 0.75 (n.s.)
						CT (BV/TV)	BM-CEAC: 14.2% ± 1.4 A-CEAC: 10.4% ± 1.2 ( < 0.05)

Kang et al. [31]	Dog	Adherence, CD73+, CD90+, CD44+, CD34−, CD45−, CD14−	Segmental radius defect	TCP/PLGC	20 weeks	X-ray (radiographic healing)	BM-CEA: 7/8 A-CEA: 6/8
						Histomorphometry (BV/TV)	A-CEAC: 33.90% ± 4.31 BM-CEAC: 33.56% ± 8.09 (n.s.)

Liao and Chen [13]	Human	Adherence	Spinal fusion in rats	Collagen sponge	8 weeks	μCT (BV/TV)	Insignificant difference between A-CEA and BM-CEA
						Histology (description)	No bridging observed in A-CEAC or BM-CEAC groups

Niemeyer et al. [18]	Sheep	Adherence, differentiation into bone/cartilage/fat	Segmental tibia defect	Mineralized collagen type I	26 weeks	X-ray (relative bone area in defect)	A-CEAC inferior to BM-CEAC
						Histomorphometry (BV/TV)	A-CEAC inferior to BM-CEAC ( < 0.01)

Wen et al. [32]	Human	Adherence CD105+, CD90+, CD29+, CD44+, CD34−, differentiation into bone/fat	Calvarial defect in rats	Collagen gel	8 weeks	X-ray (average grey level)	Insignificant difference between A-CEAC and BM-CEAC

This study	Sheep	Adherence	Subcutaneous in mice	HA granules	8 weeks	Histomorphometry (BV/TV)	A-CEAC: 1.78% ± 0.91 BM-CEAC: 20.87% ± 3.70

-CEAC from pellet shown here, undifferentiated groups shown here, time to healing was not significant, transfected with LacZ reporter gene; data available only in figure, data available only in figure, and value corresponds to < 0.01 prior to Bonferroni correction.