A Controlled Release Codelivery System of MSCs Encapsulated in Dextran/Gelatin Hydrogel with TGF-β3-Loaded Nanoparticles for Nucleus Pulposus Regeneration

Figure 2

(a) Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of the TGF-β3-loaded PLGANPs (magnification: 50,000x, scale = 2 μm); (b) transmission electron microscopy of the TGF-β3-loaded PLGANPs (magnification: 500,000x, scale = 0.2 μm), showing good dispersibility of the PLGANPs; (c) size distributions of the TGF-β3-loaded PLGANPs; (d) general views of the codelivery system of the MSCs encapsulated dextran/gelatin hydrogel with the TGF-β3-loaded PLGANPs after 28 days’ in vitro culture; (e) a custom-made bioreactor system, including integrated servomotor and circulating system, for promoting TE-NP tissue formation.

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