Rapid Rapamycin-Only Induced Osteogenic Differentiation of Blood-Derived Stem Cells and Their Adhesion to Natural and Artificial Scaffolds

<div>Blood derived stem cells’ (BDSCs) osteogenic differentiation with rapamycin. (a) BDSCs before starting the differentiation protocol. The cells show typical morphological features of stemness such as small size, roundish shape, and, in vitro, a disposition to a “string of pearls” appearance. (b) Alizarin Red S staining on BDSCs after 10 days of osteogenic differentiation, to evaluate inorganic calcium phosphate deposition. (c) Visualization by immunofluorescence analysis through confocal microscopy of a single differentiated cell (60x). (d) Image from three-dimensional stack analysis by confocal microscopy of blood-derived stem cells after ten days of osteogenic differentiation (in green, osteocalcin; in blue, DAPI: merged; (a), (b) 100 <i>μ</i>m, (c) bar = 8 <i>μ</i>m).</div>

Stem Cells International

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Figure 1: Rapid Rapamycin-Only Induced Osteogenic Differentiation of Blood-Derived Stem Cells and Their Adhesion to Natural and Artificial Scaffolds 