Rapid Rapamycin-Only Induced Osteogenic Differentiation of Blood-Derived Stem Cells and Their Adhesion to Natural and Artificial Scaffolds

Figure 4

Titanium scaffolds: Titanium type 1. (a) The original endosseous implants before cutting, (b) titanium after cutting and sterilization, (c) titanium type 1 in a 24-well plate before osteogenic differentiation experiments. Titanium type 2. (d) The original titanium grill before cutting. (e) The dimensions of the different perforations. (f) Titanium type 2 in a 24-well plate before osteogenic differentiation experiments. (g) Titanium type 1 immunofluorescence images by confocal microscopy, the low resolution of the osteocalcin and nuclei signals are evident (green and blue, resp.). (h) Titanium type 2 immunofluorescence images by confocal microscopy, it is evident how the more flat surface of this scaffold is better suited for confocal microscopy analysis.

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