Changes of Bone Turnover Markers in Long Bone Nonunions Treated with a Regenerative Approach

Figure 4

The bars show the median and range (25th to 75th percentile) of BTM changes at visit 5 (a) and visit 6 (b). For each bone marker, the variation at 12 weeks (visit 5) and 24 weeks (visit 6) has been related to the healing status (consolidation, incomplete, and failure) as resulting from imaging at the same time points. BAP: bone alkaline phosphatase; CTX: cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen; int-OC: intact osteocalcin; N-mid OC: N-terminal/midregion osteocalcin; OPG: osteoprotegerin; PICP: C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen; RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand; V1: baseline; V5: visit 5; V6: visit 6.

(a)

(b)