Changes of Bone Turnover Markers in Long Bone Nonunions Treated with a Regenerative Approach
Table 1
Source of the immunoenzymatic assay kits, sensitivity, precision, and reference values from healthy individuals.
Marker
Commercial name (source)
Detection limit
Intraassay CV Min–max (%)
Interassay CV Min–max (%)
Female (postmenopausal) Mean ± SEM Median Min–max
Female (premenopausal) Mean ± SEM Median Min–max
Male Mean ± SEM Median Min–max
BAP (μg/l)
Ostase BAP (Immunodiagnostic systems)
0.7
2.6–6.5
3.7–6.1
14.53 ± 4.21
9.0 ± 2.98
13.13 ± 3.8
13.2
8.78
12.3
8.0–22.4
4.0–14.30
7.0–20.1
CTX (μg/l)
Serum crosslaps (Immunodiagnostic systems)
0.02
1.8–3.0
2.5–10.9
0.64 ± 0.36
0.38 ± 0.19
0.39 ± 0.19
0.44
0.29
0.29
0.12–1.35
0.11–0.74
0.12–0.75
int-OC (μg/l)
hOST EASIA (DIAsource ImmunoAssays)
0.08
3.1–4.7
3.5–5.6
15.00 ± 5.77
15.00
5.0–25.0
N-mid OC (μg/l)
N-mid Osteocalcin (Immunodiagnostic systems)
0.5
1.3–2.2
4.2–5.1
31.43 ± 12.43
19.90 ± 7.47
23.40 ± 9.19
26.5
17.40
19.8
12.8–55
8.40–33.9
9.6–40.8
OPG (pmol/l)
Osteoprotegerin (Biomedica)
0.07
2-3
3–5
—
2.7
—
PICP (μg/l)
MicroVue CICP EIA (Quidel)
0.2
5.0–7.2
Not declared
116.00 ± 27.14
116
69.0–163
RANKL (pg/l)
Free soluble RANKL (high sensitivity) (Biomedica)
0.01
≤5%
≤3%
—
0.14
—
BAP: bone alkaline phosphatase; CTX: cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen; int-OC: intact osteocalcin; N-mid OC: N-terminal/midregion osteocalcin; OPG: osteoprotegerin; PICP: C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen; RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand.
